Docs/kpg test system/Network Structure

Network Structure

The KPG 193 network data is provided in the MATPOWER format, which is widely used in power system research. This page explains the structure of the MATPOWER network files and how to work with them.

Network Directory Structure

network/
├── m/
│   └── KPG193_ver1_5.m          # MATPOWER case file (text format)
├── mat/
│   └── KPG193_ver1_5.mat        # MATPOWER case file (MATLAB binary)
└── location/
    └── bus_location.csv          # Geographic coordinates and names

File	Format	Purpose
KPG193_ver1_5.m	m	Human-readable MATPOWER case
KPG193_ver1_5.mat	mat	Faster loading
bus_location.csv	CSV	Geographic data for visualization

MATPOWER Data Structure

The MATPOWER case file contains all electrical parameters of the power system organized as a MATLAB structure (mpc).

graph LR A[KPG193_ver1_5.m/.mat] --> B[mpc structure] B --> C[mpc.baseMVA] B --> D[mpc.bus] B --> E[mpc.gen] B --> F[mpc.branch] B --> G[mpc.gencost] B --> H[mpc.genthermal] B --> I[mpc.dcline]

Base MVA (mpc.baseMVA)

The system-wide power base for per-unit calculations.

mpc.baseMVA = 100;  % All power values are in units of 100 MVA

Per-unit conversion:

Bus Data (mpc.bus)

Bus data defines network nodes representing substations and load centers. 193 buses total.

Each row represents one bus with 13 columns:

mpc.bus = [
    % bus_i  type  Pd    Qd   Gs  Bs  area  Vm   Va    baseKV  zone  Vmax  Vmin  ...
      1      1     60.1  8.5  0   0   1     1.05 -0.02 154     1     1.1   0.9   ...
      2      1     77.9  10.3 0   0   1     1.05 -0.03 345     1     1.05  0.95  ...
    ...
];

Column	Name	Unit	Description
1	`bus_i`	-	Bus number (1-193, unique identifier)
2	`type`	-	Bus type: 1=PQ (load), 2=PV (generator), 3=Slack/Ref
3	`Pd`	MW	Active power demand (real power load)
4	`Qd`	MVAr	Reactive power demand (reactive power load)
5	`Gs`	MW	Shunt conductance (typically 0)
6	`Bs`	MVAr	Shunt susceptance (typically 0)
7	`area`	-	Area number (1-5 for regional grouping)
8	`Vm`	p.u.	Voltage magnitude (per-unit, typically ~1.0)
9	`Va`	rad	Voltage angle (radians)
10	`baseKV`	kV	Base voltage level (154, 345, 765 kV)
11	`zone`	-	Loss zone (usually 1)
12	`Vmax`	p.u.	Maximum voltage limit
13	`Vmin`	p.u.	Minimum voltage limit

Area definition

The KPG 193 system groups buses into five geographic areas. Each area corresponds to a contiguous range of bus IDs:

Area	Region (in English)	Region (in Korean)	Bus ID Range
1	Capital Region	수도권	1-51
2	Central	중부권	52-64
3	Gangwon	강원권	65-95
4	Honam	호남권	96-145
5	Yeongnam	영남권	146-193

Generator Data (mpc.gen)

Generator data defines the characteristics of all 122 thermal generators (coal, LNG, nuclear).

Each row represents one generator with 21 columns:

mpc.gen = [
    % bus  Pg   Qg   Qmax Qmin Vg   mBase status Pmax Pmin ...
      3    880  -46  440  -440 1.0  100   1      880  334  ...  % LNG
      40   794  169  550  -550 1.0  100   1      1100 440  ...  % Coal
      82   1000 -38  500  -500 1.0  100   1      1000 950  ...  % Nuclear
    ...
];

Column	Name	Unit	Description
1	`bus`	-	Bus number where generator is connected
2	`Pg`	MW	Active power output (real power generation)
3	`Qg`	MVAr	Reactive power output
4	`Qmax`	MVAr	Maximum reactive power capability
5	`Qmin`	MVAr	Minimum reactive power capability
6	`Vg`	p.u.	Voltage setpoint
7	`mBase`	MVA	Generator MVA base (typically 100)
8	`status`	-	Status: 1=online, 0=offline
9	`Pmax`	MW	Maximum real power capacity
10	`Pmin`	MW	Minimum stable generation level

Note: Generator types (Coal, LNG, Nuclear) are indicated in comments at the end of each row in the .m file.

Branch Data (mpc.branch)

Branch data defines transmission lines and transformers connecting buses. 358 AC lines total.

mpc.branch = [
    % fbus tbus r      x      b      rateA  rateB  rateC  ratio angle status ...
      1    2    0.002  0.018  0.058  904    904    904    0     0     1      ...
      2    3    0.0002 0.002  0.208  2172   2172   2172   0     0     1      ...
    ...
];

Column	Name	Unit	Description
1	`fbus`	-	From bus number
2	`tbus`	-	To bus number
3	`r`	p.u.	Resistance (per-unit)
4	`x`	p.u.	Reactance (per-unit)
5	`b`	p.u.	Total line charging susceptance
6	`rateA`	MVA	Normal thermal rating
7	`rateB`	MVA	Short-term emergency rating
8	`rateC`	MVA	Long-term emergency rating
9	`ratio`	-	Transformer tap ratio (0 if not a transformer)
10	`angle`	deg	Transformer phase shift angle
11	`status`	-	Line status: 1=in-service, 0=out-of-service

Cost Data (mpc.gencost)

Generator cost functions define fuel costs and startup costs for economic dispatch and unit commitment.

Each generator has a quadratic cost function:

Where is power output in MW.

mpc.branch = [
    % Model	startup	shutdown	n	c(n-1)	...	c0
	    2	47398.56	0	3	0.004601045	50.24290385	5213.283648	;	%	LNG
	    2	47398.56	0	3	0.005189187	56.66535106	5879.686989	;	%	LNG
    ...
];

Column	Name	Unit	Description
1	`Model`	-	Cost model (2 if polynomial)
2	`startup`	1,000 ₩	Startup cost
3	`shutdown`	1,000 ₩	Shutdown cost
4	`n`	-	n-th order polynomial cost function
5	`c2`	1,000 ₩/(MW)^2	Quadratic cost coefficient
6	`c1`	1,000 ₩/MW	Linear cost coefficient
7	`c0`	1,000 ₩	Constant cost coefficient

Thermal Parameters (mpc.genthermal)

Unit commitment parameters including minimum up/down times and ramping limits.

mpc.branch = [
    % type_thermal, UT, DT, inistate, initialpower, ramp_up, ramp_down, startup_limit, shutdown_limit, startup1, startup2, startup3, startupdelay1, startupdelay2, startupdelay3
	    3	4	3	24	880	880	880	880	880	47398.56	52138.416	56878.272	3	6	12	;	%	LNG
	    3	4	3	24	880	880	880	880	880	47398.56	52138.416	56878.272	3	6	12	;	%	LNG
    ...
];

Column	Name	Unit	Description
1	`type_thermal`	-	Thermal unit flag (3 if default)
2	`UT`	hour	Minimum up time
3	`DT`	hour	Minimum down time
4	`inistate`	hour	Initial on/off state duration
5	`initialpower`	MW	Initial power output
6	`ramp_up`	MW/h	Ramp-up limit
7	`ramp_down`	MW/h	Ramp-down limit
8	`startup_limit`	MW	Start-up ramp limit
9	`shutdown_limit`	MW	Shut-down ramp limit
10	`startup1`	1,000 ₩	Startup cost (fast)
11	`startup2`	1,000 ₩	Startup cost (warm)
12	`startup3`	1,000 ₩	Startup cost (cold)
13	`startupdelay1`	hour	Delay threshold for fast start
14	`startupdelay2`	hour	Delay threshold for warm start
15	`startupdelay3`	hour	Delay threshold for cold start

DC Line Data (mpc.dcline)

The KPG 193 includes 1 HVDC line connecting Jeju Island to the mainland.

mpc.dcline = [
    %	fbus	tbus	 status	Pf	 Pt 	Qf	 Qt	 Vf	 Vt	 Pmin	Pmax	...
       51	   53	     1	  0  	0	  0	  0	  1	  1	 -1500	1500	...
];

Column	Name	Unit	Description
1	`fbus`	-	From busr number
2	`tbus`	-	To busr number
3	`status`	-	Line status: 1=in-service, 0=out-of-service
4	`Pf`	MW	Real power flow at from bus
5	`Pt`	MW	Real power flow at to bus
6	`Qf`	MVAr	Reactive power flow at from bus
7	`Qt`	MVAr	Reactive power flow at to bus
8	`Vf`	p.u.	Voltage magnitude setpoint at from bus
9	`Vt`	p.u.	Voltage magnitude setpoint at to bus
10	`Pmin`	MW	Lower limit of power flow
11	`Pmax`	MW	Upper limit of power flow

Geographic Location Data

The bus_location.csv file provides geographic coordinates and names for all buses.

bus_id,Latitude,Longitude,name_Korean,name_English
1,38.1476054,127.302627,철원,Cheorwon
2,38.0155011,127.0712073,연천,Yeoncheon
3,37.8903061,127.1952799,포천,Pocheon
...

Column	Description	Example
`bus_id`	Bus number (1-193)	1
`Latitude`	Latitude in degrees	38.1476054
`Longitude`	Longitude in degrees	127.302627
`name_Korean`	Korean place name	철원
`name_English`	English place name	Cheorwon

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